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اقتصاديات الكهرباء |
| NO.8 Nov 2001 | العدد الثامن نوفمبر 2001 |
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Sopt Light on the Issue
The Publication Electric Economies A light shed to facilitate decisiom - Malcing Second year 8th issue A non vegular economic directory Editor - in - chief Adly Mohamed Ahmed artistic supervision Mohamed Abd El Khalik Mohamed Abd El Aziz Hanan Gamal Translation : Ashraf Melad Correspondence : Swiss Area / Nasr City Mobile : 012/3601329 Fax : 3931127 Email :adlycall@yahoo.com www.eekahraba.8k.com Price per copy : Egypt,3# L.E. - Lebanon 1000 L.L Syria, 20 S.L lraq, 1000 I,D - U.A.E, 10D, - Qatar,7 R. Bahrain, 1 R. U.K, 1 S.P Greece, 300 D . Italy, 500 L.L U.S.A, 3 $ ELECTRICX 2001
The Electrics exhibition, in addition to the Egyptian electricity sector, are witnessing a veal change. The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity & Power has pavticipated in the Stockexchange market with 15% of its capital. That means a more private sector participation in running that sector. Furthermore, the private sector is being developed nowdays especially after the Egyptian. Evropeam par tnership which will be reflected on that development. Inadditon, the Egyptian Consortium which is supported by Dr. Ali El Saiedy is being located in a more effective position in both Arab and African areas. Such activities like the U.A.E protcil, the activities in the area of COMESA ceontries and the big effort of establishing the Arab Electric Network are giving an impressiond there is abright future waiting for the Egyptian Electric sector. This sector which established the high dam and other great achievement. All these issues are representing important topics discussed in the Electrics zool exhibition .An lnterview with Eng. Amr Galal Shawky In the interview with Eng. Shawky, he confirmed that these are the main topics they are discussing now. Also, he pointed that the Electrics exhibition managed to achieve its goals inspite of the current political circumstances. It is the first time, he said, that the exhibition could withness that number of participants. He confirmed that the exhibition manged within the last few years to improve the conditions of the Egyptian electric activities and push it to international markets. Finally, Eng. Shawky assured that there is an urgent need for issuing a specialized magazinge in English, more advanced data bases and more annual confemences . Panorama News
A Spanish Company for generation Electricity has demanded purchasing a share in the Egyptian Electricity Distributing Companies. It has declared that it's ready to buy shares that amount to a billion dollars. This statement was declared by Mr. Maged El Menshawy - The mandated member at UNICAP distributing company. He said : The Spanish company sent an official letter to the Egyptian government to express its need to buy a portion of the Electricity shares before they are presented in the stock exchange markets .A billion dollars form a Spanish Company…..On the way towards the Privatization of Electricity Companies … In addition, the mandated member stated that the Spanish Company has other investments in Egypt hat amount to 1 bilion dollars and that it is the company's desire nowadays to invest in electricity distributing companies, especially "Cairo Company for Distributing Electricity" . "General Electrc" Sings 3 Contracts in Qatar and U.A.E. "General Electric" company signed three different contracts, that amount together to 260 milion dollars!! The first two contracts are concerned with the company providing services for the (gas torbins) in "Qator for liquified gas …. Limited Co. The third contract has to do with the company providing the "Electricity and water unifed Organization" in the U.A.E with two gas turbins . The two contracts of Qator amounted to 200 milion dollars, and were signed by the (G.A - Novo Banay - any), ltaly, which is General Electric's representative . The third contract was about 60.5 milion dollars One the of the two turbins (9E) that will be provided in U.A.E, will be set in (Karfaa Station for Energy generation), in "Al - Fojaira" province. Its capacity is 123 mega watts. The secand turbin will be set in (Al - Nakhil Station ofr Energy Generation) in Raas - Al - Kheima Province. The taks is to be finished by the beginning of the year 2003. Nabil Habayed say the Arab Gulf area is a very vital area for "General Electric", and actually we are very proud with the trust and comfidence that we enjoy in the Market of this area, ever since 1933" . Technologies
The retired engineer "Alan Rogan" develpoed a mill to generate energy using both the winds and the solar energy. In his new design, the generator is placed in the base - not the top - ot the torbine tower. He also included a sound - islating room.Electricity Generator Turbine from the sun and the winds The codes of this mill are designed in the shope of boards, with a contral unit that is adjusted according to the strength of the wind. This guarantees a fixed generation speed. In addition, he adjusted solar energy on these boards to enerate for more energy while the mill is spinning, and to charge the stroage - batteries when the wind is slow or weak . An advanced Measuring device A french company introduced a new measuring & assessing land device. It is different in that it the temperature of the weather and of all the electric measurments, as it contains 200.000. These points guorantee its perfection and accuracy, and that it is suitable for all industriol usage. The device has an external cover, to protect it from shocks . It also has a portable battery, that can be fully recharged in less than 2 hours. Its energy lasts for 10 hours . International
Directions
By the third day in which Geoffery Emulate took over the presidency of General Electric Major Group, terrorist assaults were waged against General Electric. Geoffery was on the line with the main residence of the company in Fair Field, Connectict State to make sure that no employees were hut in the attacks, and immediately sent mobile phones stations to the location of the catastrophe in New Yourk. The following day, General Electric donated a sum of 10 million dollars for the families of the firemen who were killed during the rescue process .General Electric Struggles anty a Terroriest Catastrophe Nevertheless, Emulate has promised the investors in Manhattan on the 21 st of September that the profits will increase to 11% this year and that in the year 2002 it will reach 15%. He assured that the nudamaged units, like the medical systems unit, the financial services nuit and the energy systems unit will make up for the losses and the damages that took place in the other sections. In addition to that, he said that there are military goods sold for about 400 milion dollars. Also, he mentioned the income sources that will come from the NBC station, that belongs to the group, during the coming Olympic Games in Salt Lake, will be of making up for the losses. The external markets can be a reason for worrying during if the depression continued, especially the Japaneses market, as General Electric depends mainly upon them. Emulate thinks that the vague atmospheres that are surrounding the whole situation are not that dark, for he says that the low interest rates will support the financial status of the group. In addition, the decrease in the prices of the shares will support more deals for General Capital. Indeed, the company's shares have withessed a raise ten days after the incident with a rate of 3%. That is why Mr. Emulate seems optimistic after this improvement in the sitation. However, Mr. Emulate does not expect the return of the same standards in the American economy as whole as before. In this he said that the year 2000 was a bad he said that the year 2000 was a bad year for the Admerican economy, and the year 2001 will be even worse. Report
Dr./Ibrahim YassinENERGY EFFICIALICY IMPROVEMENT The Egyptian Electricity Sector. Within its strategy of restructuring, privatization and transtormation towards free market economics & mechanisms, is planning to add more value to its customer services including the delivery of integrated energy services to all electricity Consumers . the sector is actually expanding its basic role to supplying electricity as a commodity, to include providing Technical services as well as a wide range ot the information that guarantee the most efficient use of this energy. This will certainly have a direct economic benefit for the sector and the country as a whole in addition to the end user. Overall Objective of the Project: The overall objective of this projects to assist Egypt in reducing the long term growth ofd CO2 emanating from the power generation . This will be achieved through activitier of the project. Emphasis are toward on building capacities within on building capacities within the Egyptian Electricity holding Company (EHC) and the Electricity Companies (ECS) , as well as on stimulating a market demand on energy efficiency services . The project will also focus on energy efficiency investments and implementation by and through the private sector involvement. It is certainly hoped that experience in designing managing and coordinates the project activities will contribute to a clearer sense of how the country's organizations can develop a clear and effective energy strategy. For that purpose the Ministry of Electricity and Energy has expressed its sfull commitment ot sponsor the objectives and outputs of this project and to continue with their full implementation beyond the project completion, through improvement of generation and reduction of energy use at the end user level where it is expected to reduce energy consumption by a total of 4.2 million tons of oil equivalent (MMTOE) year by the year 2010. These energy savings represent 11.8% of Egypt's total estimated energy use and a corresponding reduction of CO2 by 11.7 million tons per year Study
Recent Attempts and Ceaseless Obstacles …
Prepared by "Marwa Ezzat" .
The numbers of vehicles running in the streets of our world are increasing enormously . The statistics point out that there are 634 million cars up till the beginning of the year 1996. This number was proved to be increasing with a rate of 30% a year. This enormous number of cars has filled the air with 3.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide according to the figures of the "International Energy Agency". There are now clear programs with the major cars' companies to reduce these dangerous and destroying outcomes of the cars on the environment, but these modifications and programs are of very little effect now compared to the huge increase in the numbers of cars .Fuel Cells and Operating Cars' Engines. The fuel cells now are on tope programs as they are the most effective probability for facing this environmental catastrophe. If we effective probability for facing this environmental catastrophe. If we compared the fuel cells to dry cells, we'll find that dry cells store a limited quantity of energy in its electons, the fuel cells can work as long as they are provided with the needed fuel and oxidizing agent, or at least until its cells are eaten up. The fuel cells have been used in the 50s of the previous centruy to provide energy for spaceships' flights since the "Gemini" project in 1965. When the hydrogen comes up to the negative pole, the electrons are freed and they run in a external electric circuit until they go down to the positive pole. At this last point, the electrons unite with the oxygen and then the oins run in the inside the cell. Here, the electric circuit is complete, and it is ready to receive an electric current . This was the theory of the fuel cells in a nutshell. We want to draw your attention that the only waste of this product is (Water1), as some of you might know of coruse. Besides , using another substance other than hydrogen can weaken the catalyst (the Platen), and thus the effort and the electric etticiency of the cell are reduced . New
ABB Has developed a new generation of high voltage dry typo power transformers called "dryformer is the result of applying well proven high voltage XLPE cable technology with the one-hundred - years old transformer technology .
There are tow (2) main differences between the dryformer and concentional transformers :
1- The windings A New DryFormer From ABB 2- The Dyformer windings are made of high voltage insulated with chemically cross-linked Poly-ethylene (XLPE). XLPE cables are well proven for their excellent operation at high voltages for over 20 years . 3- The cooling 4- Two separate fan systems are used to draw air through the layers of windings to maintain the correct temperatures lf one system fails the other can cool the transfromer . Advantages of the Dryformer : 1- Simplicity in design using 25% less components than conventional transformers . 2- High reliability expressed in low failure rate (9% compared with 2.4% for conventional transformers . 3- Minimum maintenance time 4- Full compliance with environmental laws as it has on flammable or volatile liquids eliminating the dangers of the or explosion 5- High life expectancy 50% more than Conventional transformers as the Dryformer can operate at ils maximum temperature without loss of life as the aging of the Xlpe is negligible at 80 deg C which is the maximum upper temperature limit for mechanical design requirements . 6- The Dryformer can operate at overloads commonly occurring without loosing any strength in its winding cable insulation strength . 7- High short circuit withstand capability . European installations Building
Dipl.lng./Mohamed shalabyWhy EIB? More and new technology is moving into our homes : New equimpent with more facilities and an increasing range of information and entertainment porducts. The main objectives in technical improvement include energy conservation, security and value retention, handling of routine processes and the provision of information and communication facilities . However, one has better things to do than just operating, monitoring, regulating and switching on or off ever increasing numbers of electrnic devices. EIB technology can do this much more efficiently : It combines individual items of equipment into a single, optimized and energy - saving system. Each of the facilities available would be wanted by any forward - thinking person to increase the value of his or her home . The main characteristics of EIB system can be summarized to the following : 1- It is flexible to plan and easy to adjust. 2. It reduces the lengths of the cables and thus reduces the possibilities of fires, as well as compresses costs. 3. It decreases the electric loads. 4. It is economizes the use of energy. 5. It is highly adaptable and flexible for various uses . 6. It is easy to widen as well as to embrace new additions . 7. It is capable of embracing internal calls .8. Finallym, it doesn't need central units as that will nee proportionally bigger spaces . Concerning Operation, supplying energy occurs through the double line (BUS) and through the power supplies. The line includes all sorts of sensors and operators . In addition, all the devices adjusted to the line are associated and can easily be linked together. Also, data can be set through this double line, but this data has to be related to a certain topic and can only work through very special kinds of receivers. Moreover, more than one receiver can work in the same time, the thing that makes it possible to form some sort of a group. These receivers receive telegraphs and message codes that have the operating commands in the end, like the commands of operation, shutting down, dimming . etc. In case the double line carries an operating command, the operators will carry what the line will transmit back to the sensors, confirming by this that the command was sent. Informations News
Information Center of Egypt
Recently, an information center colled "Egypt lnformation Centr" was openned . It cost 120 million Dollars . This center dims to host the websites of the companies on the net . It also provides electronic commercial services, as well as providing alternative information services that are secure even in the times of crises. So, it some sort of an "Information Bank".Dr. Tawfiq El Baradae - head of the board of directors of "Egypt lnformation Center", established in the 6th of October City - describes the center as a first step towards a small Egyptian silicon valley . He added that Hewlett Packard has contributed to the establishment of the center by providing the mostmodern tools and helping us to access the lnternational Markets . Mr. Baradae predicts that 70% of the income will come from foreign companies , whereas the rest will come from foreign companies, whereas the rest will com from local companies. He stated that "Al Ahly for communications" company ouns 51% of the center, wheras EgyNet" for lnternet services ouns 30% and "Al Togary - Al Dawly, for investments " ouns 10% a A Mutual Administration system between Orascom and Franc Telecom Orascom Telecommunication has signed recently a deal with France Telecommunication for international mobile connections . The deal is about adminstrating and operating the Egyptian company for telephon services Mobinil between the two companies mentioned with a percentage of 50% for each. That deal comes after motorola sold its shares in Mobinil . Assay
INDUSTRAIAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORKS
Eng . Michel sadek
(Smart Tech Co.)
The use of communication and industrial networks has been progressing in the past few years similar to what has been
Taking place in information technology.
This development has brought improvements in all palsies of the control system life
Cycle, among them:1- Distribution of the control system on group of controllers that are relative simpler to design and manatge. 2- Interlocking and suynchronization of the different parts of the control / production system 3- Reducing control cable cost and more importantly their installation, testing and Troubleshooting through the use of distributed 1/0 and field buses. 4- Unprecedented capacity to supervise and troubleshoot the system. As result dozens of protocols and standards have emerged promoted and supported by their manufacturers ans. Allies. This situation would probably cause some confusion to an engineer trying to evaluate theta chancel advantages of a submittal presented to him. To then we can briefly categorize the different Networks as follows : Sensor and actuators : These networks are responsible of collecting And distributing the lowest level of control signals that would mainly by binary in nature . Their task imply that the would have a very short response time (5ms) and would, preferably, distribute the power needed for the sensors and actuators along with the communication signal on the same cage. Field buses and 1/0 Buses : These networks would convey larger volume of data linking distributed 1/0 analog points, intelligent instruments, drives , Controllers, etc. They would also be used for the remote configuration and troubleshooting of the intelligent instruments . These protocols would normally divide their traffic according to its priority to guarantee an acceptable respones time even with the larger volume of data . Supervisory, lnter-Control : At this level the volume of data to be transported by the network is large including files, porogram downloaded to PLCs and supervision data. Ate same time a few-milliseconds response time is not really needed. Forexample if a SCADA is monitoring a temperature or even a speed profile it will not really make a difference if the screen is refreshed with new data every 0.5-1 sec which is indeed a very long time (1000 ms) for the other network categories mentioned above. Comparison & selection : Coming back to the evaluation of different proposals, it is felt that the most important Criteria the engineer should consider are : 1- First is the suitability of the network to the Application . Considerations like the type of the network (cell, field, etc) response time , the number of stations , maximum distance, Etc. should shorten the list of realcandidates . Alcazar look will reveal more features that would differentiate fewer others and maybe a single option . 2- Wide acceptance and support by allegro number of manufacturers. The most successful system is certainly an open system too, were the owner would be free to select the needed components from the best and most specialized manufacturers and still be able to integrate the mint his network without any problem. It is certain that the above two points will affect the cost of ownership of the final system. This is not only the cost of the components item-by-item rather the total cost of building the system, purchasing and integrating best-deal third-party products and supporting it throughout its expected service if . |
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